Happened on this day

Events
1822 - French Egyptologist Jean Francois Champollion lifting the hieroglyphic symbols after his study of the Rosetta Stone.1825 - first use of the railway as a means of public transport.1914 - Russian Empire occupies Hungary.1922 -Turkish forces led by Mustafa Kemal occupies Smyrna.King of Greece Constantine I step down from the throne.1939 - Poland surrenders to Germany and the Soviet Union.1941 - end of the resistance of Italy in Abyssinia.1959 - Hurricane in the Japanese island of Honshu, killing more than 5000 people.1964 - Commissioner to issue a report, "Warren," which he said that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone when he assassinated U.S. President John F. Kennedy.1983 - Richard Stallman announces the GNU project to develop the free operating system.1985 - Hurricane Gloria cause $ 6 billion of losses in 12 U.S. states.1987 - Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and France's Francois Mitterrand inaugurate the first lines of Cairo Metro.1990 - Former Algerian President Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria to return after 9 years in exile.1996 - Taliban take over the Afghan capital Kabul after the ouster of President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former President Mohammad Najibullah.1997 -The election of Mohamed ElBaradei, head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, "Pathfinder" You lose contact with the ground without a known cause.1998 opening of Google.2002 - East Timor to organize the United Nations.2007 - NASA launches Aamspar down on a mission to the asteroid 4 Vista which Stsalh vehicle in 2011 and the dwarf planet Ceres, which Stsalh in 2015.2009 -Clashes on the Temple Mount between the Palestinians and a group of Jews and, after a number of them paid a visit to the Haram, and Israeli police fired stun grenades to disperse Palestinian demonstrators on the visit.General elections in Germany, and the final outcome of the elections for the coalition headed by Chancellor Angela Merkel, the majority of the estimates of 332 seats out of 622 in the Bundestag.

Born

1389 - Cosimo de Medici, an Italian politician.
1601 - King Louis XIII, King of France.
1719 - Abraham Jothelv Kistner, German mathematician.
1871 - Grazia Delida, Adiba Italian holds a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1926.
1918 - Martin Ryle, English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974.
1925 - Robert Edwards, a British scientist in biology holds a Nobel Prize in Medicine in2010.
1932 - Oliver Williamson, American economist awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2009.
1953 - Claudio Gentile, the player and the rule of Italian football.
1968 - Mary Keviniemi, Prime Minister of Finland.
1972 - Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress.
1976 - Francesco Totti, the Italian football player.
1983 - Abdullah Bahman, the representative of Kuwait.
1984 - Avril Lavigne, a Canadian rock singer of French origin.

Mortality

1917 - Edgar Degas, painter and sculptor from France.
1940 -
Julius von Joerg Wagner, an Austrian doctor holds a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1927.
Walter Benjamin, German philosopher.
1965 - Clara Bow, American actress.
1996 - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan.
2005 - Ronald Goleas, representative of the Brazilian.
2010 - Ahmed Maher, Foreign Minister of Egypt.

Appendix: List of Ladies crops Nobel Prize

Name
Marie Curie
Post with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri becquerel.
Year 1903
Country Poland and France
Field of physics
Reason for grants in recognition of their services venerable that they have done their research on the phenomenon of the common radiation discovered by Professor Henribecquerel.

Name
Bertha von Sautner
Year 1905
Country Austria and Hungary
Area of peace
The main reason for Grants of Honour for the Office of International Peace.

Name
Salma Agrlov

Year 1909
Country Sweden
Domain literature
Grants reason "admired the noble idealism, imagination and the neighborhood andspiritual approach that characterize her writings"

Name
Marie Curie

Year 1911
Country Poland and France
Domain Chemistry
Grants reason "to discover radium and polonium racist"

Name
Grazia Delida

Year 1926
Country Italy
Domain literature
Grants reason "for her writing of idealism clearly depicting life on the island, which wasthe original home, and dealing with emotional depth and human problems in general."

Name
Sigrid Oondst

Year 1928
Country Norway
Domain literature
Reason grants "mainly to describe the strong for life in Norway during the Middle Ages."

Name
Jane Adams
Jointly with Nicholas Murray Butler.

Year 1931
Country United States of America
Area of peace
Grants reason sociologist and president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Name
Irene Joliot - Curie
Jointly with her ​​husband Frederic Joliot - Curie.

Year 1935
Country France
Domain Chemistry
Tkhalaiqama reason to grant a new radioactive elements.

Name
Your Pearl

Year 1938
Country United States of America
Domain literature
Grants reason "to describe the rich and epic for the life of peasants in China, but her writing deals on the conduct of persons."

Name
Gabriela Mistral

Year 1945
Country Chile
Domain literature
Grants reason "for her musical, inspired by powerful emotions, which made its name a symbol of the aspirations of the ideal world of Latin America as a whole."

Name
Emily Greene Balch
Jointly with John Raleigh's death.

Year 1946
Country United States of America
Area of peace
Reason grants former professor of history and sociology, and Honorary President of theWomen's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Name
Gerta Korean
Post with her husband Carl and Cory Bernardo Bernardo Houssay.

Year 1947
Country United States of America
Field medicine
Grants for their discovery of the cause of the path of glycogen metabolism.

Name
Maria Gobert - Meyer
Post with Hans Jensen and Eugene and Agner.

Year 1963
Country United States of America
Field of physics
Grants reason for their discoveries concerning the installation of the cover of the nucleus of the atom.

Name
Dorothy Hodgkin

Year 1964
Country United Kingdom
Domain Chemistry
Reason grants "because they identified several of the chemicals using X-ray techniques."

Name
Nelly Sachs
Jointly with Shmuel Yosef Agnon.

Year 1966
Country Germany and Sweden
Domain literature
Grants reason "for her writing of poetry and drama which deals with Israel as stronglyinfluential"

Name
Betty Williams.

Year 1976
Country United Kingdom
Area of peace
Foundation grants the reason the peace movement in Northern Ireland (which was later called the gathering of supporters of the peace)

Name
Mairead Corrigan

Year 1976
Country United Kingdom
Area of peace
Foundation grants the cause of the peace movement in Northern Ireland (which was later called the gathering of supporters of the peace)

Name
Rosalyn Yalow
Gummen promoted him with the post and Andrew Scully.

Year 1977
Country United States of America
Field medicine
Grants for the development of the cause of Immunology and chapels

Name
Mother Teresa

Year 1979
India and the state of Macedonia
Area of peace
Cause of a leader grant "consignments for good", Calcutta.

Name
ULFA Meral
Jointly with Alfonso Garcia Robles.

Year 1982
Country Sweden
Area of peace
Why grant diplomatic representative in the General Assembly of the United Nations disarmament.

Name
Barbara Mklintok

Year 1983
Country United States of America
Field medicine
Grants to discover the cause of Alanicol.


Name
Rita Levi Montalcini
Jointly with Stanley Cohen.

Year 1986
Country Italy and the United States of America
Field medicine
Grants to discover the cause of growth factors.

Name
Gertrude Ilion
Post with James Black and George Htcngs.

Year 1988
Country United States of America
Field medicine
Grants reason "for their discovery of important principles for drug treatment."

Name
Nadine Gordimer

Year 1991
Country South Africa
Domain literature
Grants reason blocked Bektabadtha magnificent epic great sense of humanity.

Name
Aung San Suu Kyi

Year 1991
Country Myanmar (Burma)
Area of peace
Grants to the cause of the peaceful struggle for democracy and human rights.


Name
Rigoberta Mincho

Year 1991
Country Guatemala
Area of peace
Why grant recognition of her work for social justice and mutual understanding betweenraces and cultures to respect the buildings indigenous rights.

Name
Toni Morrison

Year 1993
Country United States of America
Domain literature
Why give grants Broayatea characterized by visionary force and poetic content of life onan important aspect of American reality. "Indigenous.

Name
Christaana Noslaan Volhard
Post with Edward Lewis and Eric Vichaos.

Year 1995
Country Germany
Field medicine
Grants reason for their discoveries concerning genetic control of early embryonicformation.

Name
Viswava Himborsk

Year 1996
Country Poland
Domain literature
Reason for the grants.

Name
Jody Williams
Post with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines.

Year 1997
Country United States of America
Area of peace
Why grants for their work on the prohibition and elimination of antipersonnel land mines

Name
Shirin Ebadi

Year 2003
Country Iran
Area of peace
Grants for their cause for democracy and human rights. Primarily focus its energies on the struggle for the rights of women and children.

Name
Elfriede Jelinek

Year 2004
Country Austria
Domain literature
Grants reason "for the musical flow of voices and sounds in the opposite of her plays andnovels that reveal the Hamas language absurd stereotypes exceptional community andomnipotent domination."

Name
Wangari Maathai

Year 2004
Country Kenya
Area of peace
Grants reason "for its contribution to the sustainable development of democracy and peace"

Name
Linda Buck
Jointly with Richard Iksal.

Year 2004
Country United States of America
Field medicine
Grants reason "for discoveries in the field of olfactory receptors and functions of theolfactory system and organization."

Name
Doris Lessing

Year 2004
Country United Kingdom
Domain literature
Grants reason "that the writer of the epic experience that female subjected a dividedcivilization to scrutiny on the same skepticism and diet and the power of insight."


Name
Françoise Barré Sinoussi
Post with Harald zur Hausen, Luc Montagnier.

Year 2008
Country France
Field medicine
Grants reason "for their discovery of HIV."

Name
Elizabeth Blackburn
Gredr post with Carol and Jack Szostak.

Year 2009
Country Australia and the United States of America
Field medicine
Grants reason "for their discovery of the role of telomeres in protecting chromosomes (chromosomes) and the discovery of the enzyme telomerase."

Name
Carol Gredr
Post with Elizabeth Blackburn and Jack Szostak.

Year 2009
Country United States of America
Field medicine
Grants reason "for their discovery of the role of telomeres in protecting chromosomes (chromosomes) and the discovery of the enzyme telomerase."

Name
Returned Yonath
Post with Fankatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas Steyz.
Year 2009
The State of Israel
Domain Chemistry
Grants reason "for their research in the composition and functions of the ribosome."

Name
Herta Mueller
Year 2009
Country Germany, Romania
Domain literature
Grants reason "used to focus the poetic and candid prose to portray the disadvantaged."

Name
Elinor Ostrom
Jointly with Oliver Williamson.
Year 2009
Country United States of America
Area economy
Reason Grants

Abraham Jothelv Kistner, German mathematician.

Abraham Jothelv Kistner (German: Abraham Gotthelf Kästner), born (September 27, 1719 in Leipzig - and died in June 20, 1800 in Göttingen) is a poet and mathematicianAbagramat German.

 Biography

Kistner was born in Leipzig and his father was Abraham Kistner professor of law. And in 1757 he married long after the betrothal of the 12 years I Rosina Baumann. The wife died on the fourth of March 1758 of lung disease. And later fathered a daughter, KistnerKatarenh hut of his housekeeper.
Kistner studied law, philosophy, physics, mathematics and Almitafsiqa in Leipzigstarting in 1731. At the appointed in 1733 documented for decades. Then in in 1739began giving lectures in mathematics and philosophy, logic and law at the University ofLeipzig. And in 1746 became a part-time professor at the University of Leipzig, and Professor Emeritus of the subjects of nature and engineering in 1756 at the University ofGöttingen. In 1763 he became head of the astronomical observatory there. He was a teacher and later a fellow of both the Lichtenberg and Arksiln. One of his students alsoCarl Friedrich Gauss, Johann Tobias Mayer and Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes. He died in 1800, an adviser in the court of Gottingen.
Kistner was a prominent athletes and has works in this area, including the book "Fundamentals of Mathematics (Book)" and the book "History of Mathematics (Book)."

Source: Wikipedia

Louis XIII of France

Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 - May 14 1643) Ruler of France and Navarre of 1610 to 1643. His life
Born in the royal palace, Louis XIII is the eldest son of Henry IV of France (1589-1610) and Mary Medici. And he became the oldest son of the king is the successor of the throne of France. His father was the first king Purbona The rule of France, and was succeeded by his cousin, IX, Henry III, King of France (1574-89), in accordance with French law. Louis XIII was due to his origin, his grandfather Anthony de Bourbon, the Duke and Gian Vindom Albert, Queen of Nirvana. The other grandparents were Francesco Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Johanna, Arushdoukh Istria, and Alenora Medici, his aunt, his mother is spiritual. Student of Louis XIII throne in 1610, at the age of eight and a half, after the assassination of his father. His mother acted as guardians of the throne that was to Louis XIII the age of thirteen, but due to the strength and Tgha to the throne he had received the power and began to actually control the government when it reached the age of fifteen. Konseno Konseno assassination (April 24, 1617), which greatly influenced the policy of Mary, and denied to Mary Lewis, completely stripped of its power. Then came Louis ruler of France. And filled his part with friends and loyal to him who were beyond his mother to be saved. Under the reign of Louis XIII, following the constant strain on the throne Alborbdon this because Henry IV has a safe, but the question of freedom of religion continued to haunt the state. Genius and activity Cardinal Ritchelao played a key role in the reign of Louis XIII of 1624, and led to the formation of the fate of France during the 18 years that followed the verdict. As a result of the work Ritchelao, became Louis XIII, and one of the many examples of absolute king. Under the reign of Louis signed Alhabesborgion under humiliation, France became the nobility behind the line of the King, and the political and military security and the survival of his government Alhbesborgion governance.

Personal relationships

On November 9, 1615 when completed its fourth century, married Louis XIII th PrincessAlhabsberg Awstrella the Queen (1601-66), wife of King Philip III of Spain (1578-1621).This marriage was Following the traditions of the military and political forces were among the Catholics in France and Spain. Return tradition marriage of King Philip King of Spainin 1559 as part of a peace treaty between them. Sexual relationship did not start (andafter the wedding) before the year 1619 (when he completed the eighth century). The marriage was happy, and duties of the King made ​​them aside. After 23 years of marriage and four Aaum of distinction between them, and finally gave birth to a son of Louis in 1638.
And there is no evidence either of Louis Strange Things, but rumors said that the kingcould be that he was gay.

Source: Wikipedia

World War II

World War II is an international dispute began in the devastating July 7, 1937 in Asia, September 1, 1939 in Europe and ended in 1945 with the surrender of Japan. Armed forces of about seventy countries participated in the battles of air, sea and land.Is a World War II war totalitarianism, and the most expensive in the history of mankind to the wide spot of the war and the multiplicity of scenes of battles and fronts, in which more than 100 million soldiers, were parties to the conflict many countries and loss of life too, has lost World War II, approximately 61 million human being between the military and civilian.Incurring civilian casualties during World War II than any war in history, and attributed the reason for the aerial bombardment, heavy on the cities and villages, who pioneered the British army as soon as the Winston Churchill to power received by the Nazi army Similarly, fell from the civilians killed on both sides, add to the massacres committed by the Japanese army against the peoples of China and Korea to the list of civilian casualties in the deaths of innocent people and soldiers to 51 million people, equivalent to 2% of the world's population in that period.Could be argued that the war began in September 1, 1939, Germany invaded both Poland and Slovakia, and the announcement by France, Britain and the colonies war on Germany. Germany began to build a large empire in Europe, in the period between late 1939 and early 1941 Germany managed through a series of campaigns and treaties to control most parts of Europe.In June 1941, the Axis in Europe to invade the Soviet Union's largest military operation in history, this invasion consumed most of the Axis military force, and in 1941, Japan Dissembar United States of America, which pushed her to the battlefield.Axis defeat began in 1942 after Japan's defeat in several naval battles and the defeat of European Axis forces in North Africa and Stalngerad. In 1943 and after several defeats inflicted on the Germans in Eastern Europe and the invasion of coalition forces of Fascist Italy and the U.S. victories in the Pacific, began to withdraw axis on all fronts. In 1944 the Allies arrived to France, the Soviet Union was able to restore all the land seized by the Germans.The war ended in Europe control forces of the Soviet Union on Berlin and the unconditional surrender by the Germans on May 8, 1945. The United States defeated the Japanese Navy and the Japan Islands are threatened.


Source: Wikipedia

Constantine I of Greece

Constantine I (August 2, 1868 - Jan 11 1923) King of Greece, was the leader of theGreek army during the war, the Ottoman Greek in 1897 and the First Balkan War in 1912took over the reins of power in the March 18, 1913 after the death of his father, KingGeorge the First.

War Ottoman Greek in 1897, also known as the war of thirty days is a war broke out between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Greece in 1897 because of the island of Crete the Ottoman-dominated Greek, as renewed turmoil on the island to demand to join Greece Faqamt Greece occupied the island which prompted the Ottoman government to declare war Greece, at the end of the war and the settlement of thepowers the island of Crete was declared an autonomous region under the Ottoman authority in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Istanbul (1897), which ended the war between the two countries

Russian Empire

Russian Empire (modern spelling Russian: Российская Империя Rciscaa Amپraa; and ancient Russian spelling: Россійская Имперія, transliteration: Rciscaa Amپraa) Name of the State that has existed since 1721 until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.Empire was the successor to the tsarist Russia, and in advance of the Soviet Union. Is the second largest contiguous empire in the world at all, but did not exceed the Mughal empire. In the year 1866, the empire stretching from Eastern Europe through Asia, to the North America.At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Russia was the largest country in the world in terms of area, the extended borders of the Arctic Ocean north to south, the Black Sea, Baltic Sea and west to the Pacific Ocean to the east. The 176.4 million citizens of the empire scattered in this broad area, and they constitute the third largest human gathering in the world at that time, after China in the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire, but the disparity in their economic, ethnic and religious was a prominent significantly. The government, led by the Emperor, one of the last absolute monarchies in Europe. Russia was considered one of the five major powers on the European continent before the outbreak of World War I in August of 1914.